HOXA9 and ovarian carcinoma: In epithelial ovarian cancer cells, HOXA9 not only promotes the growth of epithelial ovarian cancer cells in vivo by activating transcriptional activity of the gene encoding transforming growth factor β (TGFβ)-2, but also binds to the promoter of the cadherin3 gene that encodes P-cadherin to induce intraperitoneal dissemination (77, 94).