Owing to its crucial roles in cellular processes, CDK5RAP3 is demonstrated to be not only an active participant in embryonic and mammalian tissue development, but also a key regulator in the onset and progress of human cancers such as head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, gastric cancer, hepatocellular cancer, lung cancer, kidney cancer and breast cancer. The gene discussed is CDK5RAP3; the disease is kidney cancer.