IL6 and neoplasm: Conversely, M1 macrophages are activated classically and have a strong ability of phagocytosis, antigen presentation, and secretion of various pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-12, IL-23, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and chemokines to effectively eliminate pathogens or tumor cells in the body (7).