XPO5 and hepatocellular carcinoma: Importantly, the phosphorylation of the XPO5 protein by ERK kinase, followed by its cis/trans isomerization by prolyl isomerase (Pin), impairs the ability of XPO5 to transport pre-miRNA, inducing a downregulation of mature miRNA expression and leading to increased migration, cell proliferation and invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (60).