BMP3: Bone morphogenetic protein 3; GC: Gastric cancer; Hh: hedgehog; miR: miRNA; PTEN: Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10; VD: vitamin D; VDR: vitamin D receptor; VDD: vitamin D deficiency; VDBP: vitamin D binding protein. Here, PTEN is linked to vitamin D deficiency.