Patients with anti-MDA5+ DM (n = 217), anti-MDA5− DM (n = 68), anti-synthase syndrome (ASyS, n = 57), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE, n = 245), rheumatoid arthritis (RA, n = 89), and systemic sclerosis (SSc, n = 30) and healthy donors (HD, n = 94) were enrolled in our studies. This evidence concerns the gene IFIH1 and systemic lupus erythematosus.