In the present study, we found that (1) non-C. albicans was responsible for nearly 70% of Candida episodes; (2) neurosurgery, drainage devices, high CRP levels and usage of broad-spectrum antibiotics after surgery were associated with PCM; (3) although a single positive CSF sample drawn through an indwelling device was difficult to assess, repeated episodes of positive CSF samples displayed high specificity and low sensitivity for the diagnosis of PCM; and (4) episodes of bacteria in CSF and the hospitalized mortality of PCM patients were both 50.0%. The gene discussed is CRP; the disease is paracoccidioidomycosis.