ApoCIII gain of function mutations are associated with atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease (CHD) and contribute to the development of hypertriglyceridemia, whereas loss of function mutations are associated with lower levels of plasma triglycerides and attenuation of vascular inflammatory processes (Pollin et al., 2008; Tg et al., 2014; Natarajan et al., 2015; Rocha et al., 2017). The gene discussed is APOC3; the disease is hypertriglyceridemia.