Numerous hallmarks of HF, including hemodynamic overload and increased wall stretch, as well as increased neurohormonal signaling through angiotensin II (Lako-Futo et al., 2003; Majalahti et al., 2007), endothelin (Archer et al., 2017), and alpha adrenergic (Knowlton et al., 1991) stimuli all result in potent transcriptional activation of the NPPA/NPPB locus in both atrial and ventricular tissue. The gene discussed is AGT; the disease is hydrops fetalis.