Deficiency of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT) re-directs gene expression from neuronal to glial functions (Kang and Friedmann, 2015), leading to increased microglia-mediated neuroinflammatory responses that contributes to AD-associated neurodegeneration (Markesbery and Lovell, 2006; Grathwohl et al., 2009). The gene discussed is HPRT1; the disease is Alzheimer disease.