In cholangiocytes, Ca2+-dependent membrane trafficking is crucial for adequate cholangiocellular secretion and its therapeutic modulation in cholestasis.20–22 The insertion of membrane transporters and channels into the apical cell membrane, their site of action, is thought to be mediated by Ca2+-dependent proteins.23 The Ca2+-sensitive Cl− channel anoctamin-1 (ANO1, also known as TMEM16A) is located on the apical cell membrane of human cholangiocytes. Here, ANO1 is linked to cholestasis.