This study aimed at determining if there are genetic polymorphisms of VEGF associated with the development of endometriosis in Nigerian women, if there is a difference in the plasma VEGF levels in patients with endometriosis and women without endometriosis, and if there is a genetic variation (SNPs: − 460C > T, − 1154G > A, − 2578C > A and + 936C > T) in VEGF gene that is associated with endometriosis in Nigerian women. The gene discussed is VEGFA; the disease is endometriosis.