Short chain fatty acids can be digested by the intestine and indirectly regulate energy metabolism and insulin sensitivity through specific receptors. Considering that Alloprevotella is associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease and NAFLD, its predominance in HBV-infected subjects with a low viral DNA level might be associated with a decreased incidence of NAFLD in this population. This evidence concerns the gene INS and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.