Phosphorylation of ERK1/2 is significantly increased in MCT induced PAH rat model and Inhibition of the ERK1/2 signaling pathway activation prevents pulmonary vascular remodeling, elevated right ventricular pressure and improves right ventricular hypertrophy in experimental animal models of PAH model [43, 44]. Here, MAPK3 is linked to pulmonary arterial hypertension.