For instance, a simple pathology index, the gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase to platelet ratio (GPR) [63] was developed in HBV-monoinfected subjects in The Gambia, with improved performance for the diagnosis of fibrosis and cirrhosis in comparison to liver biopsy, and with the added advantage for remote and rural settings of not requiring invasive biopsy procedures. The gene discussed is GGTLC1; the disease is fibrosis.