The morphofunctional activation of microglia observed with long-lasting RA is reminiscent of the potentiated proliferation, increase in numbers of microglia with activated morphology, and increase in IL-1β mRNA expression detected after injections of LPS or CFA [38, 47], to which sCVOs are the primary and earliest responding structure [48]. This evidence concerns the gene IL1B and rheumatoid arthritis.