In this way, targeting unique epigenetic pathways that maintain an anti-tumor TAM transcriptome while discovering unique post-translational modifications in TAMs that independently promote anti-tumor potential (e.g., via an APC-targeted glycan targeting approach presented here) provides key insights on strategies with translational and clinical potential to modulate both Treg cells and early CD8+ T cell effector functions in the early lung cancer microenvironment. The gene discussed is CD8A; the disease is lung cancer.