GLP1R and diabetes mellitus: Diabetes is a global public health problem that affects human physical and mental health, and it is also an independent risk factor for major diseases such as kidney failure, cardiovascular disease, and stroke.[12,13] Although many new drugs for the treatment of T2DM, such as glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, have been successfully developed, researchers are looking for better blood-glucose-lowering treatment programs.