VSTM1 and infection: Compared with the control group (9.62 ± 1.98) and NC group (10.18 ± 2.02), the proportion of apoptotic and necrotic cells after infection with VSTM1 overexpression virus was obviously increased (36.95 ± 2.59) compared with the NC group (n = 6, p < 0.0001; Figure 4a and b).