In vivo, the elastic modulus of tumors increases as the tumor grows, and can reach 40–50 kPa (Samani et al., 2007; Kawano et al., 2015; Wang et al., 2017), making integrin-mediated TGF-β activation more effective (Klingberg et al., 2014; Hinz, 2015; Hiepen et al., 2020) and impacting tumor progression. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and neoplasm.