TWIST1 and neoplasm: In addition to secreting various factors such as microRNA and signal proteins, a significant increase of expression of transcription factor TWIST1 after being co-cultured with BMSCs in 3D non-adherent culture platforms has also been observed, which can activate tumor growth-inhibitory signals pathway, and thus leading to the micrometastatic dormancy (Tran et al., 2011; Bartosh et al., 2016).