PTGS2 and tropical spastic paraparesis: Since proinflammatory cytokines play an important role in neuroinflammation, the present study was conducted to evaluate the levels of IL-32 and COX-2 and their correlation with HTLV-1 proviral load (PVL) in HAM/TSP patients and HTLV-1 ACs to see whether these two factors are associated with disease progression in HAM/TSP.