NOX4 and diabetes mellitus: To clarify the potential effect of Rb1 treatment on the inhibition of oxidative stress, the mRNA levels of NOX1, NOX2, NOX4, and other NOX isoforms in aorta extracts were detected, indicating the inhibiting effect of Rb1 treatment on the mRNA expression levels of NOX1 and NOX4, which exhibited a rise in DM mice (Figures 7A–C).