MMP9 and melanoma: Our qPCR results showed decreased expression of EMT markers including matrix metalloproteins (E-cadherin, N-cadherin, fibronectin, vimentin, Snail, Twist1, MMP2, and MMP9), and oncogenes (cMyc and cyclin D1) in both the murine and human melanoma control cells treated with inhibitor but there was no significant change in the p32 shRNA with LY294002 treatment as compared to p32 shRNA silenced mouse and human melanoma cells (Supplementary Fig. 8B, C).