C1QBP and melanoma: Next, to identify if the p32 is involved in in vitro tumorigenesis via the Akt/PKB signaling pathway in B16F10 and A375 cells, we pre-treated control and p32 silenced murine and human melanoma cells with phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor LY294002 and confirmed that LY294002 treatment significantly inhibited Akt/PKB activation in both B16F10 and A375 cells (Supplementary Fig 8A).