ALDH1A3 and Patent ductus arteriosus: As summarized in Table 1, 16 out of 20 ALDH1a3-related genes were methylated and the remaining 4 non-methylated genes were either downregulated or not detectable by RNA-seq in M1-like macrophages after co-culturing with PDA cells, whereas only 4 out of these 20 ALDH1a3-related genes were methylated in M2-like macrophages.