The RGD motif is the GARP-binding motif on integrin αV/β8; and RGD peptides have been commonly used to block the interaction between integrin αV/β8 and GARP.28,29 This result supported the role of integrin in mediating the interaction between PDA cells and M1-like macrophages and the role of TGF-βR in inducing the intracellular signaling that ultimately leads to the methylation of the Nqo-1 gene. Here, NQO1 is linked to Patent ductus arteriosus.