Based on the comparatively higher PPR/OCR ratios and associated higher LDHA:LDHB subunit expression ratios in AEC2s from IPF lungs compared to non-fibrotic controls, we next investigated whether altered LDH isoenzyme tetramer composition could be a driver of the glycolytic shift in IPF AEC2s. Here, LDHA is linked to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.