Evaluation of the pattern of expression of the Molecular Signatures Database Hallmark Gene Set collection, each of which conveys a specific biological state or process and displays coherent expression [22], demonstrated strong up regulation of “E2F target” genes, “G2M cell cycle checkpoint” genes and “MYC target” genes in post- versus pre-chemotherapy AML blast cells (Fig. 2C). Here, MYC is linked to acute myeloid leukemia.