NFKB1 and bacterial infectious disease: NleE inhibits the activation of NF-κB by preventing the activation of IKKβ and consequently the degradation of the IκB NF-kB inhibitor.55 This activity of NleE was shown to be enhanced by NleB1.55 In addition, NleE is also known to inhibit the nuclear translocation of the NF-κB subunit p65, thereby reducing the IL-8 response during bacterial infection.56