However, the down-regulation of SP (17.54 ± 7.78 μM/mL) and MTL (7.98 ± 1.00 pg/mL) and the up-regulation of NO (172.17 ± 97 pg/mL) and VIP (36.50 ± 9.66 pg/mL) were all inhibited after WCA treatment (Figure 3(B)), indicating the insufficient smooth muscle motility observed in constipation group was much improved by WCA. Here, VIP is linked to Constipation.