In fetal sheep, hypoinsulinaemia induced either by pancreas removal or streptozocin treatment is associated with hyperglycaemia and decreases in umbilical glucose uptake (both absolute and relative to fetal body weight), fetal glucose utilization and the fraction of umbilical oxygen uptake used to oxidize glucose carbon, all of which can be restored to normal levels by insulin replacement (Fowden & Hay 1988, Hay et al. 1989, Fowden & Forhead 2012). The gene discussed is INS; the disease is Hyperglycemia.