Even though butyrate has pro-apoptotic and anti-proliferative role in CRC, it has paradoxically been shown to enhance polyp formation in Apcmin/+Msh2−/− (adenomatous polyposis colimin/+ and mutS homolog 2−/−) mice having defective mismatch repair (25, 26). Here, MSH2 is linked to colorectal carcinoma.