ALB and malnutrition: Moreover, malnutrition is a strong risk factor for AD.3,20) We have reported that the geriatric nutritional risk index is a meaningful predictor for AD, MACE, and major adverse cardiovascular and limb events in PAD patients.21) These results suggest that patients with lower serum albumin, lower ABI, or CLI have causes of higher mortality based on systemic severe atherosclerosis.