Of note, several of the above p38α-dependent DEGs identified in males have also been recently identified using single cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) as markers of various microglial transcriptional states/identities, including Atf3 and Btg2 during microglia differentiation and aging (42) and glioblastoma development (43); Btg2, Cxcl2, and Cxcl10 during demyelination or CNS autoimmunity (42, 44, 45), and Clec4a during CNS inflammation (46). Here, ATF3 is linked to glioblastoma.