CD4 and neoplasm: When we applied our activation gene sets to the CD8+ and CD4+ compartments in situ, we were not able to observe a clear pattern of association between the expression of our tumor-specific activation-related genes and the expression of common genes previously associated with tumor-specific TILs such as ENTPD1 (CD39) and/or ITGAE (CD103), to the same degree that was observed with TNFRSF9, TNF, and/or IFNG. Hence, our results suggested a combination of TNFRSF9, TNF, and/or IFNG being superior to current methods to identify tumor-reactive TILs in situ.