To verify whether the expression of TNFRSF9, TNF, and IFNG could identify all TILs actively engaged in tumor recognition in situ, we re-analyzed multiple scRNAseq datasets using fresh tumor biopsies (Supplementary Figure 7) (32–37) and applied the activation gene sets as a proxy of presumed ongoing antigen stimulation in the TME. Here, IFNG is linked to neoplasm.