Interestingly, neutrophil elastase (NE) or NET was not crucial in CXCL1-induced NASH development because deletion of the gene encoding NE or peptidyl arginine deiminase-4 (PAD4) failed to reverse the NASH-inducing ability of CXCL1 overexpression in HFD-fed mice (16). This evidence concerns the gene PADI4 and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis.