Several in vivo studies using transgenic mouse models of AD, such as Tg2576 and APP/PS1, have also corroborated a disruption in glucose metabolism (Bigl et al., 2003; Nicholson et al., 2010; Tiwari and Patel, 2014; Waldron et al., 2015; Chen et al., 2021). Here, APP is linked to Alzheimer disease.