In addition, variations in plasma cytokine levels and oxidative stress biomarkers have been documented among women with a history of GDM21–23. Di Cianni et al.22 observed that the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and c-reactive protein levels at 16 months after delivery are significantly higher in individuals with a previous history of GDM; inflammatory markers have been shown to predict future cardiovascular events24. Here, CRP is linked to metabolic syndrome.