After adjusting for history of kidney stone (395 cases out of 4309 subjects), the adjusted HR was 2.40 (95% CI, 1.34 ~ 4.29) for Q4 versus Q1 of GDF-15 (p for trend < 0.01), and was 1.39 (95% CI, 1.16 ~ 1.65) for each 1 SD increase in GDF-15 (data not shown). The gene discussed is GDF15; the disease is nephrolithiasis.