MTOR and cancer: Recently, OA has been reported to show anti-cancer activity by modulating various oncogenic signaling pathways, including the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), ERK/Nrf2/reactive oxygen species (ROS), and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathways.9