Importantly, T cells expressing the KIRS2/DAP12-BB demonstrated significant anti-tumor efficacy in xenograft models of B cell lymphoma and pancreatic cancer, which suggests that KIRS2/DAP12-BB targeting CD19 or mesothelin may be preferable for treating hematologic malignancies or mesothelin-positive solid tumors. Here, CD19 is linked to familial pancreatic carcinoma.