The positive periostin staining rate was 12.7% in the cancerous area and 23.5% in the non-cancerous area in LC-non-IPF patients, and 19.0% in the cancerous area and 57.2% in the non-cancerous area in LC-IPF patients (Fig. 1d). The gene discussed is POSTN; the disease is laryngotracheoesophageal cleft.