CXCL12 and colitis: Loss of intestinal epithelial Ihh or a lack of Smo in Hh target cells made the animals more sensitive to DSS-induced colitis, while activation of Ihh sequesters C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12) in fibroblasts, thus damaging immune cell migration and inhibiting the immune response [80].