Specifically, the histone demethylase, jumonji domain-containing protein 2D (JMJD2D), which is induced by TNF-α/NF-κB signalling, can act as an upstream signal of Hh to induce increased Hh signalling, thereby protecting mice from dextran sodium sulphate (DSS)-induced colitis [60]. Here, NFKB1 is linked to colitis.