One of the most upregulated genes in this AD-UP signature was GFAP, which was also upregulated at the protein level (Additional File 2: Table S4), and we confirmed by immunofluorescence in the AppNL-G-F model that it activates astrocytes around Aβ aggregates (Additional File 1: Fig. S6a). This evidence concerns the gene GFAP and Alzheimer disease.