CTHRC1 and kidney cancer: The CTHRC1 expression level was enhanced in brain and CNS cancer, breast cancer, cervical cancer, colorectal cancer, esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, head and neck cancer, kidney cancer, liver cancer, lung cancer, ovarian cancer, pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer and leukemia, lymphoma and melanoma tumors compared to normal tissues (Fig. 1c).