In addition, S. xylosus colonization also increased the number of IL-17A+ ILCs compared to uncolonized L. major infected mice at week two (Fig 2M and 2N). These data suggest that murine and human skin commensals induce RORγt+ IL-17A+ ILCs that contribute to the inflammatory responses in the skin during early cutaneous leishmaniasis. The gene discussed is IL17A; the disease is cutaneous leishmaniasis.