TNF and Alzheimer disease: Our Western blot and immunofluorescence analyses revealed increased pTauSer396 in the hippocampus of 6 M 3×Tg-AD mice exposed to noise in parallel with increased TNF-α and IL-1β, well-known markers of neuroinflammation, and increased oxidative stress, 4-HNE expression, and apoptotic markers in the hippocampus.