Cathepsins B, D, G, L and S were found, localized in vSMC, in higher concentrations in human AAA tissue, compared with control.101, 102, 103, 104 Cathepsins can promote vSMC apoptosis,105, 106 elastin degradation,105 protease activity106, 107 and inflammatory cell accumulation.107. Here, ELN is linked to triple-A syndrome.