TMPRSS2 and COVID-19: In this context, we characterised the protein expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in individuals with UC and CD (each with inflamed and unaffected areas intestinal mucosa from surgically resections); and also post-mortem intestinal tissue in those with fatal COVID-19 (n = 11, 10 and 6 respectively; East of Scotland Ethical Review No 20/ES/0061 and 16/ES/0084 for IBD and COVID-19-ICECAP post-mortem studies respectively).