SOD1 and Infertility: Kaempferol is a flavonoid that can significantly increase the levels of antioxidants such as SOD (superoxide dismutase), CAT (catalase), and GPX (glutathione peroxidase) in the sperm of diabetic rats; reduce the levels of inflammatory factors such as NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa B) and TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor alpha) in sperm; alleviate sperm damage [25]; and significantly improve sperm quality in mice with infertility induced by benzopyrene, a product of incomplete combustion of energy substances [26].