Nlrx1 mRNA expression is significantly increased in CD14+ PBMCs in relapsing-remitting MS patients, and the identification of rare NLRX1 mutations in MS patients, such as p.Lys172Asn, p.Glu192Ter, and p.Arg860Trp links NLRX1 genetic variants to the incidence of MS in humans. This evidence concerns the gene NLRX1 and relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.